feat(client): impl Sync for Client

Connector::connect already used &self, and so would require
synchronization to be handled per connector anyway. Adding Sync to the
Client allows users to setup config for a Client once, such as using a
single connection Pool, and then making requests across multiple
threads.

Closes #254

BREAKING CHANGE: Connectors and Protocols passed to the `Client` must
  now also have a `Sync` bounds, but this shouldn't break default usage.

examples/client.rs

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ fn main() {
         }
     };
 
-    let mut client = Client::new();
+    let client = Client::new();
 
     let mut res = client.get(&*url)
         .header(Connection::close())

examples/client_http2.rs

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ fn main() {
         }
     };
 
-    let mut client = Client::with_protocol(h2::new_protocol());
+    let client = Client::with_protocol(h2::new_protocol());
 
     // `Connection: Close` is not a valid header for HTTP/2, but the client handles it gracefully.
     let mut res = client.get(&*url)

src/client/mod.rs

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 //!
 //! ```no_run
 //! # use hyper::Client;
-//! let mut client = Client::new();
+//! let client = Client::new();
 //!
 //! let res = client.get("http://example.domain").send().unwrap();
 //! assert_eq!(res.status, hyper::Ok);
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 //!
 //! ```no_run
 //! # use hyper::Client;
-//! let mut client = Client::new();
+//! let client = Client::new();
 //!
 //! let res = client.post("http://example.domain")
 //!     .body("foo=bar")
@@ -31,6 +31,30 @@
 //!     .unwrap();
 //! assert_eq!(res.status, hyper::Ok);
 //! ```
+//!
+//! # Sync
+//!
+//! The `Client` implements `Sync`, so you can share it among multiple threads
+//! and make multiple requests simultaneously.
+//!
+//! ```no_run
+//! # use hyper::Client;
+//! use std::sync::Arc;
+//! use std::thread;
+//!
+//! // Note: an Arc is used here because `thread::spawn` creates threads that 
+//! // can outlive the main thread, so we must use reference counting to keep
+//! // the Client alive long enough. Scoped threads could skip the Arc.
+//! let client = Arc::new(Client::new());
+//! let clone1 = client.clone();
+//! let clone2 = client.clone();
+//! thread::spawn(move || {
+//!     clone1.get("http://example.domain").send().unwrap();
+//! });
+//! thread::spawn(move || {
+//!     clone2.post("http://example.domain/post").body("foo=bar").send().unwrap();
+//! });
+//! ```
 use std::default::Default;
 use std::io::{self, copy, Read};
 use std::iter::Extend;
@@ -61,7 +85,7 @@ use http::h1::Http11Protocol;
 ///
 /// Clients can handle things such as: redirect policy, connection pooling.
 pub struct Client {
-    protocol: Box<Protocol + Send>,
+    protocol: Box<Protocol + Send + Sync>,
     redirect_policy: RedirectPolicy,
 }
 
@@ -79,12 +103,12 @@ impl Client {
 
     /// Create a new client with a specific connector.
     pub fn with_connector<C, S>(connector: C) -> Client
-    where C: NetworkConnector<Stream=S> + Send + 'static, S: NetworkStream + Send {
+    where C: NetworkConnector<Stream=S> + Send + Sync + 'static, S: NetworkStream + Send {
         Client::with_protocol(Http11Protocol::with_connector(connector))
     }
 
     /// Create a new client with a specific `Protocol`.
-    pub fn with_protocol<P: Protocol + Send + 'static>(protocol: P) -> Client {
+    pub fn with_protocol<P: Protocol + Send + Sync + 'static>(protocol: P) -> Client {
         Client {
             protocol: Box::new(protocol),
             redirect_policy: Default::default()
@@ -102,33 +126,33 @@ impl Client {
     }
 
     /// Build a Get request.
-    pub fn get<U: IntoUrl>(&mut self, url: U) -> RequestBuilder<U> {
+    pub fn get<U: IntoUrl>(&self, url: U) -> RequestBuilder<U> {
         self.request(Method::Get, url)
     }
 
     /// Build a Head request.
-    pub fn head<U: IntoUrl>(&mut self, url: U) -> RequestBuilder<U> {
+    pub fn head<U: IntoUrl>(&self, url: U) -> RequestBuilder<U> {
         self.request(Method::Head, url)
     }
 
     /// Build a Post request.
-    pub fn post<U: IntoUrl>(&mut self, url: U) -> RequestBuilder<U> {
+    pub fn post<U: IntoUrl>(&self, url: U) -> RequestBuilder<U> {
         self.request(Method::Post, url)
     }
 
     /// Build a Put request.
-    pub fn put<U: IntoUrl>(&mut self, url: U) -> RequestBuilder<U> {
+    pub fn put<U: IntoUrl>(&self, url: U) -> RequestBuilder<U> {
         self.request(Method::Put, url)
     }
 
     /// Build a Delete request.
-    pub fn delete<U: IntoUrl>(&mut self, url: U) -> RequestBuilder<U> {
+    pub fn delete<U: IntoUrl>(&self, url: U) -> RequestBuilder<U> {
         self.request(Method::Delete, url)
     }
 
 
     /// Build a new request using this Client.
-    pub fn request<U: IntoUrl>(&mut self, method: Method, url: U) -> RequestBuilder<U> {
+    pub fn request<U: IntoUrl>(&self, method: Method, url: U) -> RequestBuilder<U> {
         RequestBuilder {
             client: self,
             method: method,

src/http/h1.rs

@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ impl Http11Protocol {
     /// Creates a new `Http11Protocol` instance that will use the given `NetworkConnector` for
     /// establishing HTTP connections.
     pub fn with_connector<C, S>(c: C) -> Http11Protocol
-            where C: NetworkConnector<Stream=S> + Send + 'static,
+            where C: NetworkConnector<Stream=S> + Send + Sync + 'static,
                   S: NetworkStream + Send {
         Http11Protocol {
             connector: Connector(Box::new(ConnAdapter(c))),
@@ -283,9 +283,9 @@ impl Http11Protocol {
     }
 }
 
-struct ConnAdapter<C: NetworkConnector + Send>(C);
+struct ConnAdapter<C: NetworkConnector + Send + Sync>(C);
 
-impl<C: NetworkConnector<Stream=S> + Send, S: NetworkStream + Send> NetworkConnector for ConnAdapter<C> {
+impl<C: NetworkConnector<Stream=S> + Send + Sync, S: NetworkStream + Send> NetworkConnector for ConnAdapter<C> {
     type Stream = Box<NetworkStream + Send>;
     #[inline]
     fn connect(&self, host: &str, port: u16, scheme: &str)
@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ impl<C: NetworkConnector<Stream=S> + Send, S: NetworkStream + Send> NetworkConne
     }
 }
 
-struct Connector(Box<NetworkConnector<Stream=Box<NetworkStream + Send>> + Send>);
+struct Connector(Box<NetworkConnector<Stream=Box<NetworkStream + Send>> + Send + Sync>);
 
 impl NetworkConnector for Connector {
     type Stream = Box<NetworkStream + Send>;

src/lib.rs

@@ -198,3 +198,8 @@ fn _assert_send<T: Send>() {
     _assert_send::<client::Request<net::Fresh>>();
     _assert_send::<client::Response>();
 }
+
+#[allow(unconditional_recursion)]
+fn _assert_sync<T: Sync>() {
+    _assert_sync::<Client>();
+}

src/mock.rs

@@ -144,12 +144,12 @@ impl NetworkConnector for MockConnector {
 ///
 /// Otherwise, it behaves the same as `MockConnector`.
 pub struct ChannelMockConnector {
-    calls: Sender<String>,
+    calls: Mutex<Sender<String>>,
 }
 
 impl ChannelMockConnector {
     pub fn new(calls: Sender<String>) -> ChannelMockConnector {
-        ChannelMockConnector { calls: calls }
+        ChannelMockConnector { calls: Mutex::new(calls) }
     }
 }
 
@@ -158,13 +158,13 @@ impl NetworkConnector for ChannelMockConnector {
     #[inline]
     fn connect(&self, _host: &str, _port: u16, _scheme: &str)
             -> ::Result<MockStream> {
-        self.calls.send("connect".into()).unwrap();
+        self.calls.lock().unwrap().send("connect".into()).unwrap();
         Ok(MockStream::new())
     }
 
     #[inline]
     fn set_ssl_verifier(&mut self, _verifier: ContextVerifier) {
-        self.calls.send("set_ssl_verifier".into()).unwrap();
+        self.calls.lock().unwrap().send("set_ssl_verifier".into()).unwrap();
     }
 }
 

src/net.rs

@@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ impl NetworkStream for HttpStream {
 pub struct HttpConnector(pub Option<ContextVerifier>);
 
 /// A method that can set verification methods on an SSL context
-pub type ContextVerifier = Box<Fn(&mut SslContext) -> () + Send>;
+pub type ContextVerifier = Box<Fn(&mut SslContext) -> () + Send + Sync>;
 
 impl NetworkConnector for HttpConnector {
     type Stream = HttpStream;