refactor(headers): factor out EntityTag from Etag

Allow use of EntityTag in other headers that use entity tags.

BREAKING CHANGE: for any consumers of the Etag header, since the entity
tag is now in a tuple.

src/header/shared/entity.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+use std::str::FromStr;
+use std::fmt::{self, Display};
+
+/// An entity tag
+///
+/// An Etag consists of a string enclosed by two literal double quotes.
+/// Preceding the first double quote is an optional weakness indicator,
+/// which always looks like this: W/
+/// See also: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7232#section-2.3
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Debug)]
+pub struct EntityTag {
+    /// Weakness indicator for the tag
+    pub weak: bool,
+    /// The opaque string in between the DQUOTEs
+    pub tag: String
+}
+
+impl Display for EntityTag {
+    fn fmt(&self, fmt: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        if self.weak {
+            try!(write!(fmt, "{}", "W/"));
+        }
+        write!(fmt, "{}", self.tag)
+    }
+}
+
+// check that each char in the slice is either:
+// 1. %x21, or
+// 2. in the range %x23 to %x7E, or
+// 3. in the range %x80 to %xFF
+fn check_slice_validity(slice: &str) -> bool {
+    for c in slice.bytes() {
+        match c {
+            b'\x21' | b'\x23' ... b'\x7e' | b'\x80' ... b'\xff' => (),
+            _ => { return false; }
+        }
+    }
+    true
+}
+
+impl FromStr for EntityTag {
+    type Err = ();
+    fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<EntityTag, ()> {
+        let length: usize = s.len();
+        let slice = &s[];
+
+        // Early exits:
+        // 1. The string is empty, or,
+        // 2. it doesn't terminate in a DQUOTE.
+        if slice.is_empty() || !slice.ends_with("\"") {
+            return Err(());
+        }
+
+        // The etag is weak if its first char is not a DQUOTE.
+        if slice.char_at(0) == '"' /* '"' */ {
+            // No need to check if the last char is a DQUOTE,
+            // we already did that above.
+            if check_slice_validity(slice.slice_chars(1, length-1)) {
+                return Ok(EntityTag {
+                    weak: false,
+                    tag: slice.slice_chars(1, length-1).to_string()
+                });
+            } else {
+                return Err(());
+            }
+        }
+
+        if slice.slice_chars(0, 3) == "W/\"" {
+            if check_slice_validity(slice.slice_chars(3, length-1)) {
+                return Ok(EntityTag {
+                    weak: true,
+                    tag: slice.slice_chars(3, length-1).to_string()
+                });
+            } else {
+                return Err(());
+            }
+        }
+
+        Err(())
+    }
+}
+
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::EntityTag;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_etag_successes() {
+        // Expected successes
+        let mut etag : EntityTag = "\"foobar\"".parse().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(etag, (EntityTag {
+            weak: false,
+            tag: "foobar".to_string()
+        }));
+
+        etag = "\"\"".parse().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(etag, EntityTag {
+            weak: false,
+            tag: "".to_string()
+        });
+
+        etag = "W/\"weak-etag\"".parse().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(etag, EntityTag {
+            weak: true,
+            tag: "weak-etag".to_string()
+        });
+
+        etag = "W/\"\x65\x62\"".parse().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(etag, EntityTag {
+            weak: true,
+            tag: "\u{0065}\u{0062}".to_string()
+        });
+
+        etag = "W/\"\"".parse().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(etag, EntityTag {
+            weak: true,
+            tag: "".to_string()
+        });
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_etag_failures() {
+        // Expected failures
+        let mut etag: Result<EntityTag,()>;
+
+        etag = "no-dquotes".parse();
+        assert_eq!(etag, Err(()));
+
+        etag = "w/\"the-first-w-is-case-sensitive\"".parse();
+        assert_eq!(etag, Err(()));
+
+        etag = "".parse();
+        assert_eq!(etag, Err(()));
+
+        etag = "\"unmatched-dquotes1".parse();
+        assert_eq!(etag, Err(()));
+
+        etag = "unmatched-dquotes2\"".parse();
+        assert_eq!(etag, Err(()));
+
+        etag = "matched-\"dquotes\"".parse();
+        assert_eq!(etag, Err(()));
+    }
+}

src/header/shared/mod.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 pub use self::encoding::Encoding;
+pub use self::entity::EntityTag;
 pub use self::quality_item::{QualityItem, qitem};
 
 mod encoding;
+mod entity;
 mod quality_item;