feat(client): add a Connection Pool

This adds a connection pool to the Client that is used by default. It
accepts any other NetworkConnector, and simply acts as a
NetworkConnector itself. Other Pools can exist by simply providing a
custom NetworkConnector. This Pool is only used by default if you also
use the default connector, which is `HttpConnector`. If you wish to use
the Pool with a custom connector, you'll need to create the Pool with
your custom connector, and then pass that pool to the
Client::with_connector.

This also adds a method to `NetworkStream`, `close`, which can be used
to know when the Stream should be put down, because a server requested
that the connection close instead of be kept alive.

Closes #363
Closes #41

src/client/mod.rs

@@ -46,15 +46,17 @@ use status::StatusClass::Redirection;
 use {Url, HttpResult};
 use HttpError::HttpUriError;
 
+pub use self::pool::Pool;
 pub use self::request::Request;
 pub use self::response::Response;
 
+pub mod pool;
 pub mod request;
 pub mod response;
 
 /// A Client to use additional features with Requests.
 ///
-/// Clients can handle things such as: redirect policy.
+/// Clients can handle things such as: redirect policy, connection pooling.
 pub struct Client {
     connector: Connector,
     redirect_policy: RedirectPolicy,
@@ -64,7 +66,12 @@ impl Client {
 
     /// Create a new Client.
     pub fn new() -> Client {
-        Client::with_connector(HttpConnector(None))
+        Client::with_pool_config(Default::default())
+    }
+
+    /// Create a new Client with a configured Pool Config.
+    pub fn with_pool_config(config: pool::Config) -> Client {
+        Client::with_connector(Pool::new(config))
     }
 
     /// Create a new client with a specific connector.
@@ -78,7 +85,10 @@ impl Client {
 
     /// Set the SSL verifier callback for use with OpenSSL.
     pub fn set_ssl_verifier(&mut self, verifier: ContextVerifier) {
-        self.connector = with_connector(HttpConnector(Some(verifier)));
+        self.connector = with_connector(Pool::with_connector(
+            Default::default(),
+            HttpConnector(Some(verifier))
+        ));
     }
 
     /// Set the RedirectPolicy.

src/client/pool.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+//! Client Connection Pooling
+use std::borrow::ToOwned;
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::io::{self, Read, Write};
+use std::net::{SocketAddr, Shutdown};
+use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
+
+use net::{NetworkConnector, NetworkStream, HttpConnector};
+
+/// The `NetworkConnector` that behaves as a connection pool used by hyper's `Client`.
+pub struct Pool<C: NetworkConnector> {
+    connector: C,
+    inner: Arc<Mutex<PoolImpl<<C as NetworkConnector>::Stream>>>
+}
+
+/// Config options for the `Pool`.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Config {
+    /// The maximum idle connections *per host*.
+    pub max_idle: usize,
+}
+
+impl Default for Config {
+    #[inline]
+    fn default() -> Config {
+        Config {
+            max_idle: 5,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct PoolImpl<S> {
+    conns: HashMap<Key, Vec<S>>,
+    config: Config,
+}
+
+type Key = (String, u16, Scheme);
+
+fn key<T: Into<Scheme>>(host: &str, port: u16, scheme: T) -> Key {
+    (host.to_owned(), port, scheme.into())
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug, Hash)]
+enum Scheme {
+    Http,
+    Https,
+    Other(String)
+}
+
+impl<'a> From<&'a str> for Scheme {
+    fn from(s: &'a str) -> Scheme {
+        match s {
+            "http" => Scheme::Http,
+            "https" => Scheme::Https,
+            s => Scheme::Other(String::from(s))
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Pool<HttpConnector> {
+    /// Creates a `Pool` with an `HttpConnector`.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn new(config: Config) -> Pool<HttpConnector> {
+        Pool::with_connector(config, HttpConnector(None))
+    }
+}
+
+impl<C: NetworkConnector> Pool<C> {
+    /// Creates a `Pool` with a specified `NetworkConnector`.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn with_connector(config: Config, connector: C) -> Pool<C> {
+        Pool {
+            connector: connector,
+            inner: Arc::new(Mutex::new(PoolImpl {
+                conns: HashMap::new(),
+                config: config,
+            }))
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Clear all idle connections from the Pool, closing them.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn clear_idle(&mut self) {
+        self.inner.lock().unwrap().conns.clear();
+    }
+}
+
+impl<S> PoolImpl<S> {
+    fn reuse(&mut self, key: Key, conn: S) {
+        trace!("reuse {:?}", key);
+        let conns = self.conns.entry(key).or_insert(vec![]);
+        if conns.len() < self.config.max_idle {
+            conns.push(conn);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<C: NetworkConnector<Stream=S>, S: NetworkStream + Send> NetworkConnector for Pool<C> {
+    type Stream = PooledStream<S>;
+    fn connect(&mut self, host: &str, port: u16, scheme: &str) -> io::Result<PooledStream<S>> {
+        let key = key(host, port, scheme);
+        let mut locked = self.inner.lock().unwrap();
+        let mut should_remove = false;
+        let conn = match locked.conns.get_mut(&key) {
+            Some(ref mut vec) => {
+                should_remove = vec.len() == 1;
+                vec.pop().unwrap()
+            }
+            _ => try!(self.connector.connect(host, port, scheme))
+        };
+        if should_remove {
+            locked.conns.remove(&key);
+        }
+        Ok(PooledStream {
+            inner: Some((key, conn)),
+            is_closed: false,
+            is_drained: false,
+            pool: self.inner.clone()
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+/// A Stream that will try to be returned to the Pool when dropped.
+pub struct PooledStream<S> {
+    inner: Option<(Key, S)>,
+    is_closed: bool,
+    is_drained: bool,
+    pool: Arc<Mutex<PoolImpl<S>>>
+}
+
+impl<S: NetworkStream> Read for PooledStream<S> {
+    #[inline]
+    fn read(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
+        match self.inner.as_mut().unwrap().1.read(buf) {
+            Ok(0) => {
+                self.is_drained = true;
+                Ok(0)
+            }
+            r => r
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<S: NetworkStream> Write for PooledStream<S> {
+    #[inline]
+    fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
+        self.inner.as_mut().unwrap().1.write(buf)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn flush(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
+        self.inner.as_mut().unwrap().1.flush()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<S: NetworkStream> NetworkStream for PooledStream<S> {
+    #[inline]
+    fn peer_addr(&mut self) -> io::Result<SocketAddr> {
+        self.inner.as_mut().unwrap().1.peer_addr()
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn close(&mut self, how: Shutdown) -> io::Result<()> {
+        self.is_closed = true;
+        self.inner.as_mut().unwrap().1.close(how)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<S> Drop for PooledStream<S> {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        trace!("PooledStream.drop, is_closed={}, is_drained={}", self.is_closed, self.is_drained);
+        if !self.is_closed && self.is_drained {
+            self.inner.take().map(|(key, conn)| {
+                if let Ok(mut pool) = self.pool.lock() {
+                    pool.reuse(key, conn);
+                }
+                // else poisoned, give up
+            });
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use std::net::Shutdown;
+    use mock::MockConnector;
+    use net::{NetworkConnector, NetworkStream};
+
+    use super::{Pool, key};
+
+    macro_rules! mocked {
+        () => ({
+            Pool::with_connector(Default::default(), MockConnector)
+        })
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_connect_and_drop() {
+        let mut pool = mocked!();
+        let key = key("127.0.0.1", 3000, "http");
+        pool.connect("127.0.0.1", 3000, "http").unwrap().is_drained = true;
+        {
+            let locked = pool.inner.lock().unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(locked.conns.len(), 1);
+            assert_eq!(locked.conns.get(&key).unwrap().len(), 1);
+        }
+        pool.connect("127.0.0.1", 3000, "http").unwrap().is_drained = true; //reused
+        {
+            let locked = pool.inner.lock().unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(locked.conns.len(), 1);
+            assert_eq!(locked.conns.get(&key).unwrap().len(), 1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_closed() {
+        let mut pool = mocked!();
+        let mut stream = pool.connect("127.0.0.1", 3000, "http").unwrap();
+        stream.close(Shutdown::Both).unwrap();
+        drop(stream);
+        let locked = pool.inner.lock().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(locked.conns.len(), 0);
+    }
+
+
+}

src/client/request.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 //! Client Requests
 use std::marker::PhantomData;
 use std::io::{self, Write, BufWriter};
+use std::net::Shutdown;
 
 use url::Url;
 
@@ -8,7 +9,7 @@ use method::{self, Method};
 use header::Headers;
 use header::{self, Host};
 use net::{NetworkStream, NetworkConnector, HttpConnector, Fresh, Streaming};
-use http::{HttpWriter, LINE_ENDING};
+use http::{self, HttpWriter, LINE_ENDING};
 use http::HttpWriter::{ThroughWriter, ChunkedWriter, SizedWriter, EmptyWriter};
 use version;
 use HttpResult;
@@ -154,7 +155,10 @@ impl Request<Streaming> {
     ///
     /// Consumes the Request.
     pub fn send(self) -> HttpResult<Response> {
-        let raw = try!(self.body.end()).into_inner().unwrap(); // end() already flushes
+        let mut raw = try!(self.body.end()).into_inner().unwrap(); // end() already flushes
+        if !http::should_keep_alive(self.version, &self.headers) {
+            try!(raw.close(Shutdown::Write));
+        }
         Response::new(raw)
     }
 }

src/client/response.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 //! Client Responses
 use std::io::{self, Read};
 use std::marker::PhantomData;
+use std::net::Shutdown;
 
 use buffer::BufReader;
 use header;
@@ -42,6 +43,10 @@ impl Response {
         debug!("version={:?}, status={:?}", head.version, status);
         debug!("headers={:?}", headers);
 
+        if !http::should_keep_alive(head.version, &headers) {
+            try!(stream.get_mut().close(Shutdown::Write));
+        }
+
         let body = if headers.has::<TransferEncoding>() {
             match headers.get::<TransferEncoding>() {
                 Some(&TransferEncoding(ref codings)) => {

src/http.rs

@@ -7,7 +7,8 @@ use std::fmt;
 use httparse;
 
 use buffer::BufReader;
-use header::Headers;
+use header::{Headers, Connection};
+use header::ConnectionOption::{Close, KeepAlive};
 use method::Method;
 use status::StatusCode;
 use uri::RequestUri;
@@ -443,6 +444,15 @@ pub const LINE_ENDING: &'static str = "\r\n";
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Debug)]
 pub struct RawStatus(pub u16, pub Cow<'static, str>);
 
+/// Checks if a connection should be kept alive.
+pub fn should_keep_alive(version: HttpVersion, headers: &Headers) -> bool {
+    match (version, headers.get::<Connection>()) {
+        (Http10, Some(conn)) if !conn.contains(&KeepAlive) => false,
+        (Http11, Some(conn)) if conn.contains(&Close)  => false,
+        _ => true
+    }
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use std::io::{self, Write};

src/net.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 use std::any::{Any, TypeId};
 use std::fmt;
 use std::io::{self, Read, Write};
-use std::net::{SocketAddr, ToSocketAddrs, TcpStream, TcpListener};
+use std::net::{SocketAddr, ToSocketAddrs, TcpStream, TcpListener, Shutdown};
 use std::mem;
 use std::path::Path;
 use std::sync::Arc;
@@ -57,6 +57,10 @@ impl<'a, N: NetworkListener + 'a> Iterator for NetworkConnections<'a, N> {
 pub trait NetworkStream: Read + Write + Any + Send + Typeable {
     /// Get the remote address of the underlying connection.
     fn peer_addr(&mut self) -> io::Result<SocketAddr>;
+    /// This will be called when Stream should no longer be kept alive.
+    fn close(&mut self, _how: Shutdown) -> io::Result<()> {
+        Ok(())
+    }
 }
 
 /// A connector creates a NetworkStream.
@@ -123,6 +127,7 @@ impl NetworkStream + Send {
     }
 
     /// If the underlying type is T, extract it.
+    #[inline]
     pub fn downcast<T: Any>(self: Box<NetworkStream + Send>)
             -> Result<Box<T>, Box<NetworkStream + Send>> {
         if self.is::<T>() {
@@ -277,12 +282,21 @@ impl Write for HttpStream {
 }
 
 impl NetworkStream for HttpStream {
+    #[inline]
     fn peer_addr(&mut self) -> io::Result<SocketAddr> {
         match *self {
             HttpStream::Http(ref mut inner) => inner.0.peer_addr(),
             HttpStream::Https(ref mut inner) => inner.get_mut().0.peer_addr()
         }
     }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn close(&mut self, how: Shutdown) -> io::Result<()> {
+        match *self {
+            HttpStream::Http(ref mut inner) => inner.0.shutdown(how),
+            HttpStream::Https(ref mut inner) => inner.get_mut().0.shutdown(how)
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 /// A connector that will produce HttpStreams.

src/server/mod.rs

@@ -36,13 +36,13 @@ pub use net::{Fresh, Streaming};
 use HttpError::HttpIoError;
 use {HttpResult};
 use buffer::BufReader;
-use header::{Headers, Connection, Expect};
-use header::ConnectionOption::{Close, KeepAlive};
+use header::{Headers, Expect};
+use http;
 use method::Method;
 use net::{NetworkListener, NetworkStream, HttpListener};
 use status::StatusCode;
 use uri::RequestUri;
-use version::HttpVersion::{Http10, Http11};
+use version::HttpVersion::Http11;
 
 use self::listener::ListenerPool;
 
@@ -206,11 +206,7 @@ where S: NetworkStream + Clone, H: Handler {
             }
         }
 
-        keep_alive = match (req.version, req.headers.get::<Connection>()) {
-            (Http10, Some(conn)) if !conn.contains(&KeepAlive) => false,
-            (Http11, Some(conn)) if conn.contains(&Close)  => false,
-            _ => true
-        };
+        keep_alive = http::should_keep_alive(req.version, &req.headers);
         let mut res = Response::new(&mut wrt);
         res.version = req.version;
         handler.handle(req, res);