Refactor errors (#46)

This patch does a bunch of refactoring, mostly around error types, but it also
paves the way to allow `Codec` to be used standalone.

* `Codec` (and `FramedRead` / `FramedWrite`) is broken out into a codec module.
* An h2-codec crate is created that re-exports the frame and codec modules.
* New error types are introduced in the internals:
  * `RecvError` represents errors caused by trying to receive a frame.
  * `SendError` represents errors caused by trying to send a frame.
  * `UserError` is an enum of potential errors caused by invalid usage
    by the user of the lib.
  * `ProtoError` is either a `Reason` or an `io::Error`. However it doesn't
    specify connection or stream level.
  * `h2::Error` is an opaque error type and is the only error type exposed
    by the public API (used to be `ConnectionError`).

There are misc code changes to enable this as well. The biggest is a new "sink"
API for `Codec`. It provides buffer which queues up a frame followed by flush
which writes everything that is queued. This departs from the `Sink` trait in
order to provide more accurate error values. For example, buffer can never fail
(but it will panic if `poll_ready` is not called first).

src/proto/peer.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+use frame::{Headers, StreamId};
+use codec::RecvError;
+
+use std::fmt;
+
+/// Either a Client or a Server
+pub trait Peer {
+    /// Message type sent into the transport
+    type Send;
+
+    /// Message type polled from the transport
+    type Poll: fmt::Debug;
+
+    fn is_server() -> bool;
+
+    fn convert_send_message(
+        id: StreamId,
+        headers: Self::Send,
+        end_of_stream: bool) -> Headers;
+
+    fn convert_poll_message(headers: Headers) -> Result<Self::Poll, RecvError>;
+}